International free trade is a condition within international relations where trade of goods and services can happen across nation borders with little to no tariffs and quotas. International free trade is commonly achieved using international free trade regime being the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organizations (WTO); and regional free trade agreements under the international regime, including but not limited to the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) and ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).

In Christianity, providentialism is the belief that all events on Earth are controlled by God.

For more than a century after its initiation in 1906, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the US had imposed a hard restriction on college athletes from earning money from their athletic activities, i.e., student athletes could not receive any monetary benefits in any way from any actors included in the business. The Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) policy is a concept proposed to let student athletes capitalize on their name, image, and likeness (i.e., branding, reputation, endorsement) to earn money from external sources i.e., sponsors, but the school or the college is still restricted from paying the student athletes or giving any forms of monetary compensation. Currently, the application of the NIL policy takes the form of a state law that only applies to some states that enacted this policy as a part of their legislation.

In political philosophy of nation-building and civilization, the state of nature is depicted as the condition before the existence of a state and an established sovereign over the state. There are conflicting theories about how the society looked like during the state of nature. Thomas Hobbes in his book Leviathan portrayed life in the state of nature as ‘poor, solitary, brutish, nasty, and short,” with humans actively competing for the limited resources available leading to violence. Later, Jean Jacques Rousseau in his book The Second Treatise of Government portrayed a similar era but emphasized on human empathy, arguing that the condition of life in the state of nature was peaceful and better than the civilization, where humans shared resources and didn’t assign a unique value to individual property.

Voluntary human extinction describes the theoretical scenario where humans choose to not have children and peacefully die out.